Alien RÖPORTAJ

“Airl was, and still is, an officer, pilot and engineer in an expeditionary force which is part of a space opera [i] (Footnote) civilization which refers to itself as “The Domain”. This civilization controls a vast number of galaxies, stars, planets, moons and asteroids throughout an area of space that is approximately one-fourth of the entire physical universe! The continuing mission of her organization is to “Secure, control and expand the territory and resources of The Domain”.

Airl pointed out that their own activities were very similar in many ways to the European explorers who “discovered” and “claimed” the New World for The Holy Father, The Pope [ii] (Footnote) and for the kings of Spain, Portugal and later, Holland, England, France and so forth. Europe benefited from the property “acquired” from the native inhabitants. However, the native inhabitants were never consulted with or asked for their permission to become a part of the “domain” of European nations and the soldiers and priests they sent to acquire territory and wealth in order to advance their interests.

Airl o İspanyol kralın askerleri tarafından yerli sakinlerinin vahşi tedavi pişman olduğu bir tarih kitabı okumak söyledi. O gibi İncil çeşitli vasiyetname açıklandığı, ibadet tanrılardan intikam korkulan. He asked the Pope to prepare a statement called “The Requirement ” [iii] (Footnote ) which was supposed to be read to each of the newly encountered native inhabitants.

Kral deyimi, bu yerliler tarafından kabul veya red edilip, bu insanların sonuçlanan katliam ve köleleştirme için tüm sorumluluk Kral kurtarmaz umuyordu. O askerler ve Papa'nın rahipler tarafından topraklarından ve eşyalarını el koyma gerekçesi olarak bu deyimi kullanılır. Görünüşe göre, Papa, şahsen, bu konuda suçluluk ya da sorumluluk herhangi bir duygusu yoktu.

Airl tür eylemlerin bunu İspanya topraklarında bu kadar çabuk azaldığı gözlendi sürpriz değildir korkak olanlar ve bu olduğunu düşündüm. Sadece birkaç yıl sonra kral öldü ve onun imparatorluk diğer uluslar tarafından asimile edilmişti.

Airl bu tür davranış Domain oluşmaz söyledi. Onların liderleri Domain eylemleri tüm sorumluluğunu üstlenmek ve bu şekilde kendilerini kötülemek değildir. Ne de herhangi bir tanrı korkusu ya da eylemler için herhangi bir pişmanlık var. Bu fikir Airl ve onun insanlar muhtemelen ateist olduğumuzu daha önceki öneri pekiştiriyor.

Domain tarafından Dünya'nın edinimi durumunda, Domain yöneticileri, ortaya çıkarmak için onların çıkarlarına uygun olmayabilir zaman olabilir, ya da açıkça daha sonraki bir zamana kadar Dünya'nın "yerlileri" bu niyeti ortaya çıkarmak için seçmiş kendilerini. Mevcut süre için, insana bilinen Domain Seferi Kuvveti varlığında yapmak stratejik gerekli değildir. In fact, until now, it has been very aggressively hidden, for reasons that will be revealed later.

The asteroid belt near Earth is a very small, but important location for The Domain in this part of space. Actually, some of the objects in our solar system are very valuable for use as low-gravity “space stations”. They are interested primarily in the low gravity satellites in this solar system which consists mainly of the side of the moon facing away from Earth [iv] (Footnote) and the asteroid belt, which was a planet that was destroyed billions of years ago, and to a lesser degree, Mars and Venus. Dome structures synthesized from gypsum [ v] (Footnote) or underground bases covered by electromagnetic force screens [vi] (Footnote) are easily constructed to house the Domain forces.

Once an area of space is acquired by The Domain and becomes a part of the territory under its control, it is treated as the “property” of The Domain. The space station near the planet Earth is important only because it lay along a path of The Domain expansion route toward the center of the Milky Way galaxy and beyond. Of course, everyone in The Domain is aware of this — except for the people of Earth.”

– Excerpted from the Top Secret transcripts published in the book ALIEN INTERVIEW, edited by Lawrence R. Spencer

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DİPNOTLAR:

[I] ... "uzay operası" medeniyet "...

"Bu uzay operası uygun hamuru dergiler Weird Tales ve Amazing Stories çıktı ki 1920'lere kadar değildi. Boşluk ya uzaylılar tarafından Dünya'nın işgali ile ilgili macera, ya da bir dahi mucit bir boşluk aracın icat konsantre önceki hikayeler aksine, saf uzay operası sadece (genellikle uzak gelecekte hikaye ayarlayarak gözüyle için uzay yolculuğu aldı ), elemelerindeki atlanır ve düz yıldızlar arasında cüret hikayeleri içine başlattı.

Bu türün ilk öyküleri J. Schlössel Weird Tales Amazing Stories Üç Aylık ve Edmond Hamilton Crashing Suns (Ağustos-Eylül 1928) ve Yıldız Stealers, The Second Swarm (Bahar 1928) (Şubat 1929) var idi. Diğer yazarlar tarafından da benzer hikayeleri 1929 ve 1930 yıllarında yoluyla takip; 1931 uzay operası bilim kurgu baskın bir alt-tür gibi iyi kuruldu.

The transition from the older space-voyage story to the space opera can be seen in the works of EE “Doc” Smith . His first published work, The Skylark of Space (August-October 1928, Amazing Stories), merges the traditional tale of a scientist inventing a space-drive with planetary romance in the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs ; but by the time of the sequel, Skylark Three (August-October 1930, Amazing Stories ) which introduces the space faring race of the Fenachrone, Smith had moved closer to a space opera mode.

En tanıdık şeklinde Uzay opera 1930-40'lı hamuru dergilerin bir ürünüydü. Genel olarak erken bilim kurgu gibi, uzay operası köklü macera, suç ve gerilim türlerinden çok onun tarzı ödünç aldı. Önemli etkiler örneğin Batı Amerika, Afrika egzotik veya medeniyetsiz sınırlara maceraları anlatılan öyküler, ya da Orient dahil. Uzay opera hayal gelecekte büyük uzay gemilerine, bilinmeyen dünyaların korkusuz kaşif, uzay yolu korsanlar ve sert ama dürüst alan polis dahil.

EE “Doc” Smith's later Lensman Series and the works of Edmond Hamilton, John W. Campbell, and Jack Williamson in the 1930s and 1940s were popular with readers and much imitated by other writers. 1940'ların başlarında olarak, bu hikayelerin bazılarının repetitiousness ve savurganlık bazı hayranları itirazlarına yol açtı. "

- Referans: Wikipedia.org

[Ii] "... Avrupalı ​​kaşifler" keşfedildi "ve" iddia "Kutsal Peder, Papa için Yeni Dünya ..." “…On the death of Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492), the three likely candidates for the Holy See were cardinals Borgia, Ascanio Sforza and Giuliano della Rovere. Simony maddi kanıtlar asla iken, söylenti Borgia, popüler bir söylenti vardı, Sforza, bu da dahil olmak üzere oyların büyük numarası, satın başardı onun büyük bir zenginlik, tarafından, o gümüş, dört katır-yükleri ile rüşvet oldu . Papa Alexander VI (1 Ocak 1431 - 18 Ağustos 1503), Roderic Llançol, daha sonra Roderic de Borja y Borja (İtalyanca: Borgia) doğumlu 1492 den 1503 Papa oldu. He is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance, and his surname (Italianized as Borgia) became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. Della Rovere was bankrolled to the cost of 200,000 gold ducats by the King of France, with another 100,000 supplied by the Republic of Genoa. Borgia Alexander VI adını varsayarak, 11 Ağustos 1492 tarihinde seçildi. Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, later to become Pope Leo X, sharply criticized the election and warned of dire things to come: “Now we are in the power of a wolf, the most rapacious perhaps that this world has ever seen. Ve biz kaçmaya yoksa, o kaçınılmaz hepimizi yutmaya olacaktır. "

- Referans: Wikipedia.org

[Iii] "... 1493 AD -" Gereği "...

Ölümüne kadar 1492 den rezil Papa Alexander VI, (Rodrigo Borgia), Roma Katolik Papa tarafından düzenlenen boğa "," Gereksinim bir papalık olarak yayımlanan ", Rönesans Papalar en unutulmaz.

Çünkü 1493 yılında Amerika'da yaşayan milyonlarca insanın ön-varoluş, İspanya Kralı, Allah her ​​cinayet için ona kızgın hale olabileceği ihtimali de korku küçük bir sancı vardı, hırsızlık ve kargaşa onun da onaylanan Yeni Dünya. Yani, o yaptırım Kral kendi ölümsüz ruhunun kanlı suçluluk leke çözünmesi amacıyla resmi bir bildiri ile Papa Alexander VI ikna etti. "Gereği" adı verilen bu belge, hemen önce fethetme her yabancı ülkenin vatandaşlarına, nüfusu veya olmasın yerel dile tercüme edip, okunması gerekiyordu. Ilanının yüreğin kendi topraklarında İspanya için "bağışlandı" ediliyordu yenilmeleri gerekiyordu yakında bilgilendirmek oldu.

Gereksinim kısmen, okuyun:

"Ben, (Conquistador adı), Kastilya ve Leon, barbar halkların fatihlerin yüksek ve güçlü Kings kulu ve elçisidir ve Kaptan olmak, burada bildirmek ve bilgilendirmek ... Allah Rabbimiz, One ve Ebedi, oluşturduğunuz Cennet ve Yeryüzü ve bir adam ve sen ve ben ve tüm son beş bini aşkın Bunların doğurulmadığına çokluğu ve dünya yapıldıktan sonra birkaç yıl ... Ve bu yüzden talep ve gereksinim ... Senin Mistress olarak Kilisesi tanımak için aldığınız bir kadın ve Dünya ve Evren Mürebbiye ve High Priest gibi, Onun adına, Papa denilen ve Onun yerine Majesteleri (İspanya Kralı), bunu yapmayın Cetvel ve Lord King gibi ... Ve eğer ile ... Allah'ın yardımıyla ben size karşı çok fazla girer, ve ben her yerde ve ben her şekilde size savaş yapar ve ben Kilisesi ve Majesteleri boyunduruğu ve itaat için tabi olacaktır, ben de sizin kadınlar ele geçirmek zorundadır ve çocuklar, ve ben Majesteleri komutları olarak satmayı ve imha etmek, onları köle yapar, ve ben bütün kötülük ve ben güçlü olduğum zarar yapacağız. Ve ben bu gelen ölüm ve yıkım bu sonucu sizin suçunuz olacaktır ısrar ediyorlar. "

İhtiyaç duymak için ilk bir ölçek zaman yeryüzündeki yaşamın yaratılması için sadece 5.000 yıl önce başlamadı olarak Papa tarafından önerilen, değil milyonlarca Maya ölçülen orijinal yaratılış Maya, şefleri vardı Birkaç saniye, bir yıl içinde doğru olarak güneş yılı takip tutuldukları astronomik takvim, yıllardır. Gereksinim duyulması üzerine Onların comment "Kutsal Peder aslında başkalarının niteliği ile cömert olmuştur," oldu.

Gereği ilk Kızılderili halklara karşı savaşlar haksız olduğunu İspanyolca din adamlarının şikayetlerine yanıt olarak tasarlanmıştı. Moors karşı İspanya'nın savaşları karşılaştırarak, din adamları onlara karşı bir Haçlı seferi yürütmekle meşru olduğunu, böylece Müslümanlar İsa'nın bilgiye sahip olduğunu iddia etti ve O'na reddetti. Buna karşılık, Hıristiyanlık ile temas hiç Yerli Amerikalılara karşı savaşlar kabul edilemezdir. Gereği Hıristiyanlık reddetti olma konumunda yerli nüfus yerleştirmek için yasal bir boşluk olarak tasarlanmıştı. O şöyle diyordu: "Biz protesto herhangi ölümlerin sonucu bu [Hıristiyanlıktan çıkma] 'den sizin suçunuz vardır ..."

Fatihler 'politikalarının Birçok eleştirmen İhtiyaç ciddiyetsiz doğası karşısında dehşete ve rahip Bartolomeo de Las Casas, gülmeye mi ağlasam mı bilemedim ki ona cevap olarak söylenmiştir. Fatihler Gereği okumak için tercüman kullanmaya teşvik ederken, bu kesinlikle gerekli değildi ve birçok durumda, bir anlamayan halk dışarı okundu. Bazı durumlarda, sadece sahil görmüştü kez yerliler Tutukladığı sonra mahkumlara, kaçtı, hatta gemilerin güverteleri gelen vardı uzun süre sonra, çorak plajlar ve boş köylere okundu. Bununla birlikte, fatihler için, saldırmak ve yerli halkı köleleştirmek için dini bir gerekçe sağlanan ve İspanya kasasına zenginleştirmek için potansiyel nedeniyle, Gereksinim genel sorgulandı değildi. "

- Referans: Wikipedia.org

Aşağıdaki gibi gerçekten sürece başka herhangi bir kıta olarak etrafında olduğu gibi "yeni" olmadığını ve Avrupa'da daha büyük bir nüfusa sahip "Yeni Dünya", bir "keşif" net sonucu oldu:

1) yerli kültürlerin yüzlerce) 2 eradike edilmiştir yaklaşık 100 milyon insanın çabasıyla hastalıktan öldü ve savaş "uzaylılar" 3 tarafından kendilerine getirilen) Afrika Gold Coast 100 milyon insan köle ve / veya edildi Avrupalılar tarafından öldürüldü neredeyse tüm paha biçilmez edebiyat, tarih, Batı yarıkürenin kültürel ve sanatsal eserler 5 yıkıldı) binlerce bir süre içinde mayınlı altın ve mücevher en çok Batı Yarımküre 4 Kesilen yerli nüfusun "işgücü") yerine yerli halk tarafından uzun yıllar çalındı ​​ve akılsız kendi kendine günah onu çarçur Avrupa'da açgözlü, aptal, eğitimsiz, pis, hastalık-basmış, batıl, katil, hırsız bir avuç ediliyordu. - Editör

[iv] “… They are interested primarily in the “low gravity” satellites in this space station which consists mainly of the dark side of the moon…”.

“According to the NASA Astronaut Neil Armstrong the aliens have a base on the Moon and (the aliens) told us in no uncertain terms to get off and stay off the Moon!

Sound far fetched? Milton Cooper, a Naval Intelligence Officer tells us that not only does the Alien Moon Base exist but the US Naval Intelligence Community refers to the Alien Moon Base as “Luna,” that there is a huge mining operation going on there, and that is where the aliens keep their huge mother ships while the trips to Earth are made in smaller “flying saucers”.

LUNA: The Alien base on the far side of the Moon. It was seen and filmed by the Apollo astronauts. A base, a mining operation using very large machines, and the very large alien craft described in sighting reports as mother ships exist there. -Milton Cooper

Did Apollo 11 Encounter UFOs on the Moon? from the Book “Above Top Secret” by Timothy Good.

According to hitherto unconfirmed reports, both Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin saw UFOs shortly after their historic landing on the Moon in Apollo 11 on 21 July 1969. I remember hearing one of the astronauts refer to a “light” in or on a carter during the television transmission, followed by a request from mission control for further information. Nothing more was heard.

According to a former NASA employee Otto Binder, unnamed radio hams with their own VHF receiving facilities that bypassed NASA's broadcasting outlets picked up the following exchange:

NASA: What's there? Mission Control calling Apollo 11…

Apollo: These “Babies” are huge, Sir! Enormous! OH MY GOD! You wouldn't believe it! I'm telling you there are other spacecraft out there, lined up on the far side of the crater edge! They're on the Moon watching us!

In 1979, Maurice Chatelain, former chief of NASA Communications Systems confirmed that Armstrong had indeed reported seeing two UFOs on the rim of a crater. “The encounter was common knowledge in NASA,” he revealed, “but nobody has talked about it until now.”

Soviet scientists were allegedly the first to confirm the incident. “According to our information, the encounter was reported immediately after the landing of the module,” said Dr. Vladimir Azhazha, a physicist and Professor of Mathematics at Moscow University. “Neil Armstrong relayed the message to Mission Control that two large, mysterious objects were watching them after having landed near the moon module. But his message was never heard by the public-because NASA censored it. “

According to another Soviet scientist, Dr. Aleksandr Kazantsev, Buzz Aldrin took color movie film of the UFOs from inside the module, and continued filming them after he and Armstrong went outside. Dr. Azhazha claims that the UFOs departed minutes after the astronauts came out on to the lunar surface.

Maurice Chatelain also confirmed that Apollo 11′s radio transmissions were interrupted on several occasions in order to hide the news from the public. Before dismissing Chatelain's sensational claims, it is worth noting his impressive background in the aerospace industry and space program. His first job after moving from France was as an electronics engineer with Convair, specializing in telecommunications, telemetry, and radar. In 1959 he was in charge of an electromagnetic research group, developing new radar and telecommunications systems for Ryan. One of his eleven patents was an automatic flights to the Moon. Later, at North American Aviation, Chatelain was offered the job of designing and building the Apollo communications and data-processing systems.

Chatelain claims that “all Apollo and Gemini flights were followed, both at a distance and sometimes also quite closely, by space vehicles of extraterrestrial origin-flying saucers, or UFOs, if you want to call them by that name. Every time it occurred, the astronauts informed Mission Control, who then ordered absolute silence.” He goes on to say:

“I think that Walter Schirra aboard Mercury 8 was the first of the astronauts to use the code name 'Santa Claus' to indicate the presence of flying saucers next to space capsules. However, his announcements were barely noticed by the general public.

It was a little different when James Lovell on board the Apollo 8 command module came out from behind the moon and said for everybody to hear:

'PLEASE BE INFORMED THAT THERE IS A SANTA CLAUS.'

Even though this happened on Christmas Day 1968, many people sensed a hidden meaning in those words.”

Rumors persist. NASA may well be a civilian agency, but many of its programs are funded by the defense budget and most of the astronauts are subject to military security regulations. Apart from the fact that the National Security Agency screens all films and probably radio communications as well. We have the statements by Otto Binder, Dr. Garry Henderson and Maurice Chatelain that the astronauts were under strict orders not to discuss their sightings. And Gordon Cooper has testified to a United Nations committee that one of the astronauts actually witnessed a UFO on the ground. If there is no secrecy, why has this sighting not been made public?

A certain professor, who wished to remain anonymous, was engaged in a discussion with Neil Armstrong during a NASA symposium.

Professor: What REALLY happened out there with Apollo 11?

Armstrong: It was incredible, of course we had always known there was a possibility, the fact is, we were warned off! (by the Aliens). There was never any question then of a space station or a moon city.

Professor: How do you mean “warned off”?

Armstrong: I can't go into details, except to say that their ships were far superior to ours both in size and technology – Boy, were they big!… and menacing! No, there is no question of a space station.

Professor: But NASA had other missions after Apollo 11?

Armstrong: Naturally-NASA was committed at that time, and couldn't risk panic on Earth. But it really was a quick scoop and back again.

Armstrong confirmed that the story was true but refused to go into further detail, beyond admitting that the CIA was behind the cover-up.

Reasonable activity of an alien civilization showed up unexpectedly close to us. We were not ready for it psychologically

We still can come across publications trying to find an answer to the question: Are we alone in the universe? At the same time, presence of reasonable creatures has been detected just close to our home, in the Moon. However, the discovery was immediately classified as secret, as it was so much incredible that even could shake the already existing social principles, reports Russia's newspaper “Vecherny Volgograd.”

Here is an extract from the official press-release:

“NASA scientists and engineers participating in exploration of Mars and Moon reported results of their discoveries at a briefing at the Washington national press club on March 21, 1996. It was announced for the first time that man-caused structures and objects had been discovered on the Moon.” The scientists spoke rather cautiously and evasively about the functioning objects, with the exception of UFO. They always mentioned the man-caused objects as possible, and pointed out the information was still under study, and official results would be published later.

It was mentioned at the briefing as well that the Soviet Union used to own some photo materials proving presence of reasonable activity on the Moon. And although it wasn't identified what kind of reasonable activity it was, thousands of photo-and video materials photographed from the Apollo and the Clementine space station demonstrated many parts on the lunar surface where the activity and its traces were perfectly evident. The video films and photos made by US astronauts during the Apollo program were demonstrated at the briefing. And people were extremely surprised why the materials hadn't been presented to the public earlier. And NASA specialists answered: “It was difficult to forecast the reaction of people to the information that some creatures had been or still were on the Moon. Besides, there were some other reasons to it, which were beyond NASA.”

Specialist for lunar artifacts Richard Hoagland says that NASA is still trying to veil photo materials before they are published in public catalogues and files, they do retouching or partially refocus them while copying. Some investigators, Hoagland is among them, suppose that an extraterrestrial race had used the Moon as a terminal station during their activity on the Earth. The suggestions are confirmed by the legends and myths invented by different nations of our planet.

Ruins of lunar cities stretched along many kilometers, huge transparent domes on massive basements, numerous tunnels and other constructions make scientists reconsider their opinions concerning the lunar problems. How the Moon appeared and principles of its revolving around the Earth still pose a great problem for scientists.

Some partially destroyed objects on the lunar surface can't be placed among natural geological formations, as they are of complex organization and geometrical structure. In the upper part of Rima hadley, not far from the place where the Apollo-15 had landed, a construction surrounded with a tall D-shaped wall was discovered. As of now, different artifacts have been discovered in 44 regions.

The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the Houston Planetary Institute and specialists from the bank of space information are investigating the regions. Mysterious terrace-shaped excavations of the rock have been discovered near the Tiho crater. The concentric hexahedral excavations and the tunnel entry at the terrace side cant be results of natural geological processes; instead, they look very much like open cast mines.

A transparent dome raised above the crater edge was discovered near the crater Copernicus. The dome is unusual as it is glowing white and blue from inside. A rather unusual object, which is unusual indeed even for the Moon, was discovered in the upper part of the Factory area. A disk of about 50 meters in diameter stands on a square basement surrounded with rhombi walls. In the picture, close to the rhombi, we can also see a dark round embrasure in the ground, which resembles an entry in an underground caponier. There is a regular rectangular area between Factory and the crater Copernicus which is 300 meters wide 400 meters long.

Apollo 10 astronauts made a unique picture (AS10-32-4822) of a one-mile long object called Castle, which is hanging at the height of 14 kilometers and casts a distinct shadow on the lunar surface. The object seems to be consisting of several cylindrical units and a large conjunctive unit. Internal porous structure of the Castle is clearly seen in one of the pictures, which makes an impression that some parts of the object are transparent.

As it turned out at the briefing where many NASA scientists were present, when Richard Hoagland had requested originals of the Castle pictures for the second time, no pictures were found there at all. They disappeared even from the list of pictures made by the Apollo 10 crew. Only intermediate pictures of the object were found in the archives, which unfortunately don't depict the internal structure of the object.

When Apollo-12 crew landed on the lunar surface, they saw that the landing was observed by a half-transparent pyramidal object. It was hanging just several meters above the lunar surface and shimmered with all rainbow colors against the black sky.

In 1969, when the film about astronauts traveling to the Sea of Storms was demonstrated (the astronauts saw the strange objects once again, which were later called “striped glasses”), NASA finally understood what consequences such kind of control could bring. Astronaut Mitchell answered the question about his feelings after a successful return the following: “My neck still aches as I had to constantly turn my head around because we felt we were not alone there. We had no choice but pray.” Johnston, who worked at the Houston Space Center and studied photos and video materials done during the Apollo program, discussed the artifacts with Richard Hoagland and said, the NASA leadership was awfully annoyed with the great number of anomalous, to put it mildly, objects on the Moon. It was even said that piloted flights to the Moon could be banned in the programs network.

Investigators are especially interested in ancient structures resembling partially destroyed cities. The orbital shooting reveals an astonishingly regular geometry of square and rectangular constructions. They resemble our terrestrial cities seen from the height of 5-8 kilometers. A mission control specialist commented on the pictures: “Our guys observed ruins of the Lunar cities, transparent pyramids, domes and God knows what else, which are currently hidden deep inside the NASA safes, and felt like Robinson Crusoe when he suddenly came across prints of human bare feet on the sand of the desert island.” What do geologists and scientists say after studying the pictures of lunar cities and other anomalous objects? They say, such objects can't be natural formations. “We should admit they are artificial, especially the domes and pyramids.” Reasonable activity of an alien civilization showed up unexpectedly close to us. We were not ready for it psychologically, and some people hardly believe they are true even now.”

Translated by Maria Gousseva (original source = http://english.pravda.ru/main/2002/10/05/37771.html)

– Source: http://www.ufocasebook.com/moon.html

[v] “… synthesized from gypsum…”

“ Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and extensive evaporite beds in association with sedimentary rocks. Deposits are known to occur in strata from as early as the Permian age. Gypsum is deposited in lake and sea water, as well as in hot springs, from volcanic vapors, and sulfate solutions in veins. Hydrothermal anhydrite in veins is commonly hydrated to gypsum by groundwater in near surface exposures. It is often associated with the minerals halite and sulfur.

The word gypsum is derived from the aorist form of the Greek verb μαγειρεύω, “to cook”, referring to the burnt or calcined mineral. Because the gypsum from the quarries of the Montmartre district of Paris has long furnished burnt gypsum used for various purposes, this material has been called plaster of Paris. It is also used in foot creams, shampoos and many other hair products.

Because gypsum dissolves over time in water, gypsum is rarely found in the form of sand. However, the unique conditions of the White Sands National Monument in the US state of New Mexico have created a 710 km² (275 sq mile) expanse of white gypsum sand, enough to supply the construction industry with drywall for 1,000 years.”

- Referans: Wikipedia.org

[vi] “… electromagnetic force…”

“In physics, the Lorentz force is the force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. Lorentz introduced this force in 1892. However, the discovery of the Lorentz force was before Lorentz's time. In particular, it can be seen at equation (77) in Maxwell's 1861 paper On Physical Lines of Force. Later, Maxwell listed it as equation “D” of his 1864 paper, A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, as one of the eight original Maxwell's equations. In this paper the equation was written as follows:

nerede

A is the magnetic vector potential,

φ is the electrostatic potential,

H is the magnetic field H ,

μ is magnetic permeability.

Although this equation is obviously a direct precursor of the modern Lorentz force equation, it actually differs in two respects:

• It does not contain a factor of q, the charge. Maxwell didn't use the concept of charge. The definition of E used here by Maxwell is unclear. He uses the term electromotive force. He operated from Faraday's electro-tonic state A , which he considered to be a momentum in his vortex sea. The closest term that we can trace to electric charge in Maxwell's papers is the density of free electricity, which appears to refer to the density of the aethereal medium of his molecular vortices and that gives rise to the momentum A . Maxwell believed that A was a fundamental quantity from which electromotive force can be derived.
• The equation here contains the information that what we nowadays call E , which today can be expressed in terms of scalar and vector potentials according to

The fact that E can be expressed this way is equivalent to one of the four modern Maxwell's equations, the Maxwell-Faraday equation.

Despite its historical origins in the original set of eight Maxwell's equations, the Lorentz force is no longer considered to be one of “Maxwell's equations” as the term is currently used (that is, as reformulated by Heaviside). It now sits adjacent to Maxwell's equations as a separate and essential law.

Significance of the Lorentz force

While the modern Maxwell's equations describe how electrically charged particles and objects give rise to electric and magnetic fields, the Lorentz force law completes that picture by describing the force acting on a moving point charge q in the presence of electromagnetic fields. The Lorentz force law describes the effect of E and B upon a point charge, but such electromagnetic forces are not the entire picture. Charged particles are possibly coupled to other forces, notably gravity and nuclear forces. Thus, Maxwell's equations do not stand separate from other physical laws, but are coupled to them via the charge and current densities. The response of a point charge to the Lorentz law is one aspect; the generation of E and B by currents and charges is another.

In real materials the Lorentz force is inadequate to describe the behavior of charged particles, both in principle and as a matter of computation. The charged particles in a material medium both respond to the E and B fields and generate these fields. Complex transport equations must be solved to determine the time and spatial response of charges, for example, the Boltzmann equation or the Fokker–Planck equation or the Navier-Stokes equations. For example, see magnetohydrodynamics, fluid dynamics, electrohydrodynamics, superconductivity, stellar evolution. An entire physical apparatus for dealing with these matters has developed. See for example, Green–Kubo relations and Green's function (many-body theory).

Although one might suggest that these theories are only approximations intended to deal with large ensembles of “point particles”, perhaps a deeper perspective is that the charge-bearing particles may respond to forces like gravity, or nuclear forces, or boundary conditions.”

- Referans: Wikipedia.org