외국인 인터뷰

[i] “… Totalitarian…”

“Totalitarianism is a concept used in political science that describes a state that regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior. Totalitarian regimes or movements maintain themselves in political power by means of secret police, propaganda disseminated through the state-controlled mass media, personality cults, regulation and restriction of free discussion and criticism, single-party states, the use of mass surveillance, and widespread use of terror tactics.

Many consider the first totalitarian regimes to have begun in the 20th century, which include the communist regimes of the Soviet Union and Cuba, as well as totalitarianism of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Spain under Franco, Portugal under Salazar, as well as others. However some argue that totalitarianism has existed centuries prior, such as in ancient China under the political leadership of Prime Minister Li Si who helped the Qin dynasty unify China. Li Si adopted the political philosophy of Legalism as the ruling philosophical thought of China and restricted political activities and destroyed all literature and killed scholars who did not support Legalism. Totalitarianism was also used by the Spartan state in Ancient Greece. Its “educational system” was part of the totalitarian military society. The oligarchy running the state machine dictated every aspect of life, including the rearing of children.”

- 참고 : Wikipedia.org

[ii] “…planetary governments, regulated by a brutal social, economic, and political hierarchy…”

“A hierarchy (in Greek: hieros, 'sacred', and arkho, 'rule') is a system of ranking and organizing things or people, where each element of the system (except for the top element) is a subordinate to a single other element.

A hierarchy can link entities either directly or indirectly, and either vertically or horizontally. The only direct links in a hierarchy, insofar as they are hierarchical, are to one's immediate superior or to one of one's subordinates, although a system that is largely hierarchical can also incorporate other organizational patterns. Indirect hierarchical links can extend “vertically” upwards or downwards via multiple links in the same direction. All parts of the hierarchy which are not vertically linked to one another can nevertheless be “horizontally” linked by traveling up the hierarchy to find a common direct or indirect superior, and then down again. This is akin to two co-workers, neither of whom is the other's boss, but both of whose chains of command will eventually meet.”

Many human organizations, such as governments, educational institutions, businesses, churches, armies and political movements are hierarchical organizations, at least officially; commonly seniors, called “bosses”, have more power than their subordinates. Thus the relationship defining this hierarchy is “commands” or “has power over”. Some analysts question whether power “actually” works in the way the traditional organizational chart indicates, however. This view tends to emphasize the significance of the informal organization.”

- 참고 : Wikipedia.org

[iii] “…royal monarch as its figurehead.”

“In politics, a figurehead , by metaphor with the carved figurehead at the prow of a sailing ship, is a person who holds an important title or office yet executes little actual power. Common figureheads include constitutional monarchs, such as the Emperor of Japan, or presidents in parliamentary democracies, such as the President of Israel.

While the authority of a figurehead is generally symbolic, respect and access to high levels of government can give them significant influence on some events. An example would be Emperor Hirohito's involvement in World War II. In parliamentary systems, presidents are figureheads at times of peace (delegated such powers as convening or dismissing the national legislature), but at wartime they are often commanders in chief.

Sometimes a figurehead can be exploited in times of emergency. For example, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi used the figurehead President of India to issue unilateral decrees that allowed her to bypass parliament when it no longer supported her.

The word can also have more sinister overtones, and refer to a powerless leader who should be exercising full authority, yet is actually being controlled by a more powerful figure behind the throne.

The tendency of this word to drift, like many words that are in a strong process of changed meanings, into the pejorative is beginning to make it unsuitable to apply to a head of state with limited constitutional authority, such that its use may become increasingly inappropriate in referring to monarchs and presidents in parliamentary systems.”

- 참고 : Wikipedia.org

[iv] “… united by a egalitarian esprit de corps…”

“Esprit de corps, when discussing the morale of a group, is an intangible term used for the capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others. According to Alexander H. Leighton, “morale is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose”.

Egalitarian, (derived from the French word égal , meaning equal ) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals from birth. Generally it applies to being held equal under the law , the church, and society at large. In actual practice, one may be considered an egalitarian in most areas listed above, even if not subscribing to equality in every possible area of individual difference. For example, one might support equal rights in race matters but not in gender issues, or vice versa.”

- 참고 : Wikipedia.org

[v] “… Many of the IS-BEs on Earth are here because they are violently opposed to totalitarian governments…”

– Editor's Note: Coincidentally, or perhaps NOT coincidentally, almost one year after this interview, the novel “1984″ by George Orwell , which was published in June of 1948. The state of the US government has grown to mirror many of the features described by Orwell in the book, “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. It is easy to speculate that Orwell may have been “influenced” by an IS-BE of The Domain while writing this book. Or, at the very least, he was one of the IS-BEs sentenced to Earth because he is one of “… the IS-BEs on Earth are here because they are violently opposed to totalitarian governments…”.

The following description of the basis for Orwell's “1984″ are taken verbatim from Wikipedia.org. It is a very close description of the “Old Empire” government:

“Much of Oceanic society is based upon Stalin's Soviet Union . The “Two Minutes' Hate” was the ritual demonization of State enemies and rivals; Big Brother resembles Joseph Stalin; the Party's archenemy , Emmanuel Goldstein, resembles Leon Trotsky (both are Jewish, both have the same physiognomy, and Trotsky's real surname was 'Bronstein'). Another suggested inspiration for Goldstein is Emma Goldman, the famous Anarchist figure. Doctored photography is a propaganda technique and the creation of unpersons in the story, analogous to Stalin's enemies being made nonpersons and being erased from official photographic records ; the police treatment of several characters recalls the Moscow Trials of the Great Purge .”

There a very many interesting parallels between the concepts discussed by Orwell in “1984″, and the description of the “Old Empire” government and the Earth prison planet activities in the transcripts of the “Alien Interviews” with Airl.

For example, a few of these are parallels cited in the following excerpt from the internet encyclopedia, Wikipedia.org:

“The Thought Police capture Winston and Julia in their sanctuary bedroom and they are separately interrogated at the Ministry of Love, where the regime's opponents are tortured and killed , but sometimes released (to be executed at a later date); Charrington, the shop keeper who rented them the room reveals himself an officer of the Thought Police. In the Ministry of Love torture chamber, O'Brien tells Smith that he will be cured of his hatred for the Party . During a session, he explains to Winston that torture's purpose is to alter his way of thinking , not to extract a fake confession, adding that once cured — accepting reality as the Party describes — he then will be executed ; electroshock torture will achieve that, continuing until O'Brien decides Winston is cured.”

For complete comparative analysis, read the book, “1984″ or read the entire reference to the book on the internet at Wikipedia.org , excerpted below:

“Nineteen Eighty-Four (also titled 1984 ), by George Orwell (the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair), is an English dystopian novel about life in a dictatorship as lived by Winston Smith, an intellectual worker at the Ministry of Truth, and his degradation when he runs afoul of the totalitarian government of Oceania, the state in which he lives in the year 1984.

Orwell's influences

In the essay Why I Write, Orwell explains that all the serious work he wrote since the Spanish Civil War in 1936 was “written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism.” Therefore, Nineteen Eighty-Four is an anti-totalitarian cautionary tale about the betrayal of a revolution by its defenders. He already had stated distrust of totalitarianism and betrayed revolutions in Homage to Catalonia and Animal Farm. Coming Up For Air, at points, celebrates the personal and political freedoms lost in Nineteen Eighty-Four.

The novel's title, its terms and its language (Newspeak), and its author's surname are bywords for personal privacy lost to national state security. The adjective “Orwellian” denotes totalitarian action and organization; the phrase: Big Brother is Watching You connotes pervasive, invasive surveillance. The following quotation has become famous:

War is Peace
Freedom is Slavery
Ignorance is Strength

Although the novel has been banned or challenged in some countries, it, along with Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, is among literature's most famous dystopias. In 2005, Time magazine listed it among the best one hundred English-language novels published since 1923.

Nineteen Eighty-Four introduces Oceania, one of the world's three intercontinental totalitarian super-states. The story occurs in London, the “chief city of Airstrip One”, itself a province of Oceania that “had been called England or Britain”. Posters of “Big Brother”, the Party leader, with the caption BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, dominate the city landscapes; two-way television (the telescreen) dominates the private and public spaces of the populace.

Oceania's people are in three classes — (i) the Inner Party, (ii) the Outer Party, and (iii) the “Proles”. This government, the Party, controls them via the Ministry of Truth (MiniTru), where Winston Smith, the protagonist, works; he is a member of the Outer Party. His job in MiniTru is the continual rewriting and altering of history so that the government is always right and correct: destroying evidence, amending newspaper articles, deleting the existence of people identified as “unpersons”.

The story begins on April 4, 1984: “It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.” The date is questionable, because it is what Winston Smith perceives. In the story's course, he concludes it as irrelevant, because the State can arbitrarily alter it; the year 1984 and its world are transmutable.

The novel does not render the world's full history to 1984. Indeed, because the book Winston reads is given to him by a Party member, it is possible that the book itself is meant to be a deception, and the history of the world of 1984 is somewhat different. Winston's recollections, and what he reads in The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, by Emmanuel Goldstein, reveal that after the Second World War, the United Kingdom fell to civil war, becoming part of Oceania. Simultaneously, the Soviet Union encompassed mainland Europe, forming Eurasia; the third super state, Eastasia, comprises the east Asian countries around China and Japan.

There was an atomic war, fought mainly in Europe, western Russia, and North America. It is unclear what occurred first: the civil war wherein the Party assumed power or the United States' annexation of the British Empire or the war during which Colchester was bombed.

During the Second World War, George Orwell repeatedly said that British democracy, as it existed before 1939, would not survive the war; the question being: Would it end via Fascist coup d'état (from above) or via Socialist revolution (from below)? During the war, Orwell admitted events proved him wrong: “What really matters is that I fell into the trap of assuming that 'the war and the revolution are inseparable' “

- 참고 : Wikipedia.org

(Editor's Comment: If you've been feeling nervous about world events lately, this might be part of the reason)